Life
record of Imai YasukoRuth Linhart | Japanologie | Biography project Imai Yasuko| Photographs
Life
record of Imai Yasuko
Imai Yasuko was born on April 25 th 1933 in Tôkyô, but spent
her childhood in Sapporo on the northern island of Hokkaidô. She was the
second of four children of Imai Genshiro and Imai Yae. Yasuko´s father
was veterinarian and descended from a rich landholder-family from the Gumma
prefecture in Honshû. Her mother originated from a samurai family from
Satsuma in Kyûshû. However, she became adopted at the age of three
years by a sister of her mother and her husband, who could not get children.
Yasuko´s mother grew up in Tôkyô and attended a French
mission school. She and her adoptive father admired the culture of "the West",
which took the role of the "Promised Land" also for Imai Yasuko for a very long
time.
According to her narrations Imai Yasuko was educated strictly for the
task of "good wife and wise mother " (ryôsai kenbo). Yet she says
that she opposed this idea already as a small child and secretly decided at the
age of eight to lead a professional life and not to marry, since she never
wanted to submit to the will of a man and to be grateful to him for nourishing
her. During her school years her career aspirations ranged from painter to
pianist and to authoress.
She can hardly remember the Japan-China-War and
the Pacific War, which accompanied her life until the age of twelve, but she
remembers very well the complete change of atmoshere with the end of the war.
Coeducation, introduced to Japanese schools by the American occupation forces,
changed her life decisively as she recounts. The intellectual competition and
friendships with politically active left-wing oriented schoolmates released her
from her outsider role as "difficult child" and "strange woman".
Now, in
the atmosphere of fundamental change of the postwar years it seemed possible
even for a woman to strive for a self determined life and a profession which
made "self expression" realisable. Imai Yasuko studied Japanese literature at
the Hokkaidô university and was politically active in the leftist student
movement of the national student organisation Zengakuren in the second
half of the fifties. In 1960 the national movement against the revised US-Japan
security treaty, a part of which was the Zengakuren, broke down. From
then on Imai Yasuko immersed herself in her studies and began to publish about
the poet of the Meiji period Ishikawa Takuboku (1886-1912).
She worked for
two years as a high school teacher in Tôkyô, since still solid
barriers opposed the scientific career of a woman. In 1966 she was appointed to
the private university Hokkaigakuen daigaku in Sapporo, in 1970 to the
prefectural Shizuoka-joshi-tankidaigaku (Shizuoka Women´s College)
at Hamamatsu in central Japan where she remained up to her retirement. In
postwar Japan only for few women a career on a higher university level was
possible.
Her private life seems to have always been reset behind her
occupational orientation. She had as she says "five loves". Three of them
originated from the left wing student movement. The relations with her last
friend ended after the year in Vienna 1976 to 1977.
This year she describes
as particularly important, since it aroused her "woman´s consciousness".
It was the time of the second women´s movement which was active in
Austria as well as in Japan. In the seventies, eighties and nineties of the
last century Imai Yasuko strongly criticised the Japanese gender situation and
also Japanese women, who according to her opinion were too easily satisfied
with only modest and outward progress of their situation in the course of the
UNO decade of women. Together with other women she developed a women network in
Hamamatsu and published on different levels to the question of women´ s
rights. Apart from Japanese literature she also taught "joseigaku"
(women´s studies), and her final lecture before retiring on February 4 th
1999 was called: "Why do the Japanese need women´s studies - in
comparison with the Chinese (Nihonjin ni joseigaku wa naze hitsuyôka -
chûgokujin to no hikaku ni oite)?"
In her later years the
contemporary Chinese society and particularly the situation of modern Chinese
women took over the model function which before the west held for her. Above
all it was Imai Yasuko´s concern to convince young women of the fact,
that not marriage but professional activity and to be economically independent
was the basis of a satisfactory life for women. Towards the end of the nineties
rheumatism and Parkinson as well as other illnesses increasingly hampered her
various activities. Today she lives in a Christian home for elderly people in
Hamamatsu. Here she published in 2003 a collection of her articles about the
woman topic: "Women before daybreak - a collection of my feminist writings
(Onnatachi no yoake mae - watashi no joseironshû)".
Publications in German and English
Imai Yasuko, The Emergence of the Japanese Shufu - Why a Shufu Is More Than a "housewife", translated by Lili Iriye Selden, in: Nichibei-josei-janâru, U.S.-Japan Women´s Journal, English Supplement, Number 6, 1994, 45-65
More:
Project description in English
Project description in Japanese
Rethinking Western notions of Japanese women
Ein Leben gegen den Strom? Vortrag 9.6.2004
Herbst in Hamamatsu - ein Reisetagebuch
| Ruth Linhart | Japanologie | Biography project Imai Yasuko | Photographs | Email: ruth.linhart@chello.at |